Certification and Accreditation
- the DLA Approach
| 1.0 |
Identification
Data | | 1.1 | BSP
Number | | 00016 |
| 1.2 | BSP
Title/Name | | How
to Perform Information Systems Security Certification and Accreditation (C&A)
within the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) using Metrics and Controls for Defense-in-Depth
(McDiD). | | 1.3 | Version
Number | | 1.0 |
| 1.4 | Adoption
Date | | 03/12/2001 |
| 1.5 | Approving
Authority | | CIO
Council Security Practices Subcommittee | | 1.6 | Responsible
Organization | |
Defense
Logistics Agency (DLA), Information Assurance Division - J-633 (formerly
J-653) |
| 1.7 | Level
of BSP | | Candidate |
| 1.8 | Security
Processes or other Framework(s) Supported | | Certification
and Accreditation (SPF 9) | | 1.9 | Reserved |
| 1.10 | Points
of Contact | | Government
BSP Owner: Yes, post
this contact information with the publicly accessible BSP.
Richard A. Parker, Captain S.C. USN Deputy Executive Director
Information Technology Policy, Plans, and Assessment Defense Logistics Agency
8725 J.J. Kingman Rd. Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 Vendor
Partner: Yes, post this contact information
with the publicly accessible BSP. Glenda
Turner Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. 3190 Fairview Park Drive Falls
Church, VA 22042 Telephone: 703-289-5279 Fax: 703-289-5813 E-mail:
turner_glenda@bah.com | | |
| 2.0 |
What
This BSP Does | | 2.1 | BSP's
Purpose | | This
BSP describes the implementation of metrics and controls specifically tailored
for DLA information systems, web sites, networks that constitute an enterprise
solution for the information systems security certification and accreditation
process set forth in DoD Instruction 5200.40, DoD Information Technology Security
Certification and Accreditation Process (DITSCAP). | | 2.2 | Requirements
for this BSP | |
- DoD Directive 5200.28, Security
Requirements for Automated Information Security Systems (AISS) mandates
the accreditation of all AIS to include stand-alone personal computers,
connected systems and networks.
- DoD Instruction 5200.40,
DoD Information Technology Security Certification and Accreditation
Process, (DoDI 5200.40) established a four-phase process, required activities
and general criteria to accomplish a certification and accreditation
process leading to an approval to operate based on acceptable residual
risk. The DITSCAP requires that all information system and network owners
address security from a single system or network perspective, and to
do so across the system's life cycle.
- DoD Chief Information Officer
Guidance and Policy Memorandum No. 6-8510, DoD Global Information
Grid (GIG) Information Assurance (IA), dated June 16, 2000 directed
that DoD develop an enterprise-wide IA architectural overlay to implement
a defense-in-depth strategy across the Global Information Grid (GIG).
The DOD GIG IA Defense-In-Depth strategy specifically addresses internetworked
risk, and requires information system and network owners to integrate
information enterprise and security solutions into the local computing
environment, the network enclave and its boundaries, the wide area network,
and supporting enterprise security services. The Defense in Depth strategy
incorporates both technical and non-technical means to afford multiple
protections at different layers within information systems and their
supporting communications networks.
- The Chairman's
Readiness System includes information assurance readiness in the Command, Control,
Communications, and Computers (C4) portion of its Joint Monthly
Readiness Reports (JMRRs). The JMRRs provide the DOD leadership a current, macro-level
assessment of the militarys readiness to execute the National Military Strategy
(NMS). The DLA is required to address the IA checklist items contained in CJCSI
6510.04 (available only in the .mil domain) in the JMRR assessment.
|
| 2.3 | Success
Stories | | The
DLA has approximately 600 information systems, websites and networks in all phases
of the DITSCAP process, and in various stages of McDiD implementation. Even in
its initial stages the McDiD has demonstrated the capacity to significantly enhance
information system security awareness and improve the security posture of DLA.
This BSP has produced a marked increase in the number and quality of System Security
Authorization Agreements (SSAAs) submitted for Headquarters DLA review and fostered
a robust exchange of information and views on security issues across all DLA elements
and information system proponents. The result has been to steadily improve the
quality of IA activities on an enterprise-wide scale. Endorsers for this BSP include:
Victor Johnnides, Chief, PEO Operations Division; Linda Cooper, Deputy Chief,
DLA Computer Emergency Response Team; and Susie Fairley, Information System Security
Manager (ISSM), Defense Supply Center Columbus. | | |
| 3.0 |
What
This BSP Is | | 3.1 | Description
of BSP | | The
key to a single comprehensive information assurance program is the effective application
of safeguards such that information and information systems maintain the appropriate
level of assurance while maintaining required levels of interoperability. DLA
is implementing a single comprehensive information assurance program using the
DITSCAP as the implementation mechanism for its systems, networks and sites that
also responds to the mandated readiness and defense-in-depth requirements. To
accomplish this task DLA developed an internal enterprise-wide process called
Metrics and Controls for Defense in Depth (McDiD) to track the level of compliance
its elements achieve and maintain against master lists of safeguards or security
controls. The McDiD master lists consist of a range of controls and metrics developed
to mitigate specific threats across DLA, in accordance with DoD policy. While
the McDiD master lists are not available for general dissemination, a sample control
is presented below. Further information about the controls or the McDiD process
can be obtained by contacting the POCs listed on the first page. Each McDiD control
is comprised of the following elements: - Control
Number - a unique identifier.
- Control Name - a brief
title phrase that describes the subject area or focus of the control.
- Control
Description - several sentences or a paragraph that describe the security condition
or state that the control is intended to achieve.
- Metrics
- an assessment or rating that serves as an indicator of compliance with the control.
In assessing and rating individual controls DLA generally defines the four readiness
"C-Levels" with progress toward full compliance with each control as
follows:
- C1 - The security control has been fully
implemented and the security profile achieved by the control is being actively
maintained. Full compliance indicates that only minor IA deficiencies with a negligible
impact on mission capabilities may be expected.
-
C2 - The IT organization is in the process of deploying or implementing the security
control. This level of compliance indicates that some IA deficiencies with a limited
impact on mission capabilities may be expected.
-
C3 - The IT organization is aware of the control and is in a planning phase for
compliance. This level of compliance indicates that significant IA deficiencies
preventing the performance of some portions of required missions may be expected.
- C4 - No awareness of the control or progress toward
compliance is evident. This level of compliance indicates that major IA deficiencies
that preclude satisfactory mission accomplishment may be expected.
An
example of a McDiD control is provided below:

McDiD
controls address the actions and conditions required for policy compliance, for
certification and accreditation leading to an approval to operate, and for readiness
sustainment on an agency-wide basis. Local supplementation of the master list
is expressly encouraged where unique or special conditions warrant additional
scrutiny to assure an adequate level of security is attained and maintained for
a DLA site, system or network. |
 |
The
McDiD controls are crucial components of DLA C&A activities at each of the
four DITSCAP phases. They form the foundation for the development of the System
Security Authorization Agreement (SSAA) in the Definition Phase, and serve to
orient and focus local and agency actions to prepare for and conduct the Verification
and Validation phases. In the Post-accreditation phase the McDiD controls serve
as a vital tool to identify changes in the information security baseline for the
system, site, network or operating environment that can indicate to the DAA that
re-certification action is required. |
| While
the DLA C&A process requires that all information systems, networks and web
sites be covered by an SSAA, a separate SSAA is not required for each system,
network or web site. The DLA implementation of DITSCAP provides for three classes
of SSAAs based on logical groupings of its information systems, networks, and
web sites. The grouping decision requires that all components included in the
SSAA be under a single DAA and are subject to a uniform set of metrics and controls
to assure defense-in-depth (DiD). In this respect the SSAA defines and establishes
an identifiable security domain and facilitates the clear assignment of security
roles and responsibilities. The Designated Approving Authority (DAA) and Certifying
Authority (CA) are normally determined by mission categorization. The McDiD controls
are organized into the following three sets of master control lists drawn from
a variety of sources and tailored to correspond with the DLA C&A process as
indicated above:
The McDiD for DLA IT Sites addresses physical and environmental
security, IT site configuration management, computer emergency/incident response
and network defense, IA technology requirements for enclave boundary protection
(e.g., separation of internal and external services, DLA defense in depth architecture
for e-mail), IA technology requirements for standard intranet computing environments
(e.g., virus protection, vulnerability assessments, and Public Key Infrastructure),
enclave security management, continuity of operations planning, and IA program
and budget. The McDiD for Production Systems focuses
on application-level security safeguards that can be implemented in a post-deployment
phase and presume that the system will be hosted at a DLA site, thus inheriting
the security of IT site implemented controls. The controls address system management,
configuration management, security architecture, security management and continuity
of operations planning. The McDiD for Emerging Systems
is designed to address security across the system life cycle. It includes: - Security
controls for the program manager and program office (e.g. personnel security requirements
and rules, information release rules, program OPSEC);
- Requirements
for the system security architecture (e.g., compliance with the DLA technical
architecture, policy based access, single sign-on, use of public key technologies);
- Security
controls for the development process (e.g., an automated library for system software
objects managed and maintained in such as way as to protect privileged programs
and to prevent or minimize the introduction of malicious or unauthorized code);
- Security controls for the transition to production
(e.g. limitations on application developers' ability to change production code,
physical and/or logical isolation of systems that provide unregulated access to
the Internet); and
- Security controls for any new
enclave or computing environment established to support the system, whether for
design, development, testing, or production (e.g., firewalls, routers, virus protection).
For DLA IT Sites and production systems, the
C&A process is initiated by the performance of a security self-assessment
using the McDiD controls appropriate to the class of SSAA to be developed as part
of the DITSCAP's Phase 1 (Definition). The self-assessment provides a preliminary
indication of the information security posture of the site, system or network
and facilitates the negotiation among the key players needed to produce the SSAA.
More importantly, the McDiD self-assessment highlights those areas requiring corrective
action, which are aggregated in an executable Plan of Action and Milestones (POAM).
Successful completion of the POAM during the conduct of DITSCAP's Phase 2 (Verification)
positions the site or system program manager for the conduct of DITSCAP Phase
3 (Validation) by the CA. The McDiD controls are continuously refreshed and re-evaluated
as a normal part of the SSAA reviews that are integral to the Verification and
Validation phases. At the conclusion of Phase 3, the DLA CA provides the DAA with
a summary of the McDiD control ratings, the SSAA and other supporting documentation,
and a recommendation regarding approval to operate. While DLA sets the enterprise
standard as a C1 rating in all controls, the actual rating profile may vary based
on the DAA's acceptance of residual risk in those areas where a full compliance
solution is not feasible based on the assessed level of vulnerability or resources
required. To ensure the McDiD process remains current and comprehensive, DLA ISSMs/ISSOs
and CAs are required to provide comments and recommendations for improvements
to the C&A process. The DLA Headquarters Information Assurance Division also
conducts quarterly security reviews with agency elements to maintain the momentum
and focus on information system security. Following the approval to operate, within
DLA the McDiD controls will be used to support a required annual re-assessment
during the DITSCAP Post-accreditation (Phase 4) in the years between required
re-validations. For emerging systems, the C&A
process is tailored to the system's adopted life cycle model. The Definition and
Post-accreditation phases are fixed; however, Verification and Validation may
iterate according to the number of new enclaves or computing environments established
and the number of major software releases scheduled prior to Full Operating Capability
(e.g., an evolutionary design scheme). To implement
the McDiD process, DLA developed a comprehensive set of training materials and
hosted a series of workshops or seminars with its operating and staff elements.
Further information regarding the training materials can be obtained by contacting
the POCs on the first page. These initiatives focused on the SSAA development
process, and in addition to reviewing the master McDiD control lists, included
a number of exercises to identify the local controls necessary to adequately address
unique operating environment, system, or site requirements. The thrust of the
DLA effort is to hold to an absolute minimum the administrative burdens associated
with the C&A process on its operating and staff elements. Wherever possible,
enterprise-wide approved text for portions of the SSAA, such as the threat assessment,
has been provided for the use of the individual site, system or network managers.
In all other areas worksheets and templates have been developed at the enterprise
level to ensure a unity of vision and purpose across the agency. To facilitate
the flow of information, and support information system security as a function
of electronic business, DLA is in the process of establishing an online Comprehensive
Information Assurance Knowledge-base (CIAK) that is available in the DLA domain
for DLA subscribers only. CIAK will provide DLA elements with a single web site
for policy analysis, guidance, reference and research materials, training materials,
assistance, announcements and information. CIAK also will serve as the repository
and interactive workspace for the development, submission, processing, review
and exchange of SSAAs and all other documentation related to the C&A process. |
| 3.2 | Relationship
to Other BSPs | | This
BSP serves as the enterprise-wide foundation for the conduct of C&A and the
implementation of a single, comprehensive information assurance program with DLA.
| | |
| 4.0
|
How
To Use This BSP | | 4.1 | Implementation
Guidance | | Conducting
effective and comprehensive C&A is the single best method for providing an
adequate level of information assurance in support of organizational missions
and activities, and for providing inter-connected organizations adequate information
assurance that security risks are being managed. While the DITSCAP remains a vital
and valid higher-level process to approach this task, each organization can benefit
from this BSP by considering the development of similar controls and metrics to
guide the entire C&A process. The McDiD process supports the standardization
of effort at the enterprise level to offer greater efficiencies in the implementation
and conduct of a tailored information assurance program, and facilitates the adoption
of a unified functional approach across the organization. The application of McDiD
provides organizational leaders at all levels with a valuable security and readiness
profile in support of policy, planning and resource management activities. |
| 4.2 | Implementation
Resource Estimates | | The
resources required to implement this BSP will vary greatly depending on the size
and nature of the organization. All levels of command and all key players in the
C&A process as outlined in the DITSCAP will have substantial roles and responsibilities.
However, the adoption of standardized procedures, templates, worksheets and extensive
information sharing have the potential to deliver substantial resource benefits
through avoidance of duplication and streamlined operating procedures. |
| 4.3
| Performance
Goals and Indicators (Metrics) | | The
DLA standard for all McDiD controls is a C1 rating. While the implementation of
McDiD is, by design, a continuous operation, DLA has already experienced an increase
in the level of enterprise IA awareness, clarity of purpose, quality of thought,
a significant increase in information sharing, and an improved understanding of
the C&A process as outlined in the DITSCAP. These factors
have already elevated the information assurance posture of DLA and resulted in
improvements to DLA sites, systems and networks as the SSAA developmental process
matures. | | 4.4 | Tools
| | A
complete package of document and report templates, including several completed
sections of the SSAA pre-approved for enterprise-wide use, is available in a variety
of formats, as well as on-line in the CIAK. The CIAK also serves as a valuable
tool to facilitate the electronic submission of SSAAs and dissemination of information
and documents. CIAK is available in the DLA domain for DLA subscribers only. |
| 4.5 | Training
Materials | | A
complete package of materials used to support the conduct of the training workshops
and seminars is available and includes worksheets to assist DLA personnel in the
application of McDiD and the development of the SSAA. | | |
| Appendices |
| A | Executive
Overview and Briefing | |
A copy of an informational briefing
on McDiD is enclosed. |
| B | Reference
List | |
Assistant
Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence
DLA
Library
IA
Technical Framework Forum
National
Defense University Library
| | C | Procurement
Information | | DLA
has contracted with Booz-Allen and Hamilton for general support in the development
of the McDiD controls under a GSA contract for Information Assurance Certification,
Accreditation and Reporting Process Engineering (GS-23F-0025K.) |
| D | Evaluation
Information | | E | Recommended
Changes | | F | Glossary
| | CA
- Certifying Authority CIAK - Comprehensive Information
Assurance Knowledge-base C&A - Certification
and Accreditation DAA - Designated Approving Authority
DLA - Defense Logistics Agency DITSCAP
- DoD Information Technology Security Certification and Accreditation Process GIG
- Global Information Grid Legacy System - Information
systems within DLA currently in operation that are scheduled for replacement/retirement,
and for which no further program resources will be allocated for improvement or
expansion. McDiD - Metrics and Controls for Defense-in-Depth
Production System - Information Systems within DLA that have achieved full-operational
capability and are currently deployed for operational use. SSAA
- System Security Authorization Agreement SOW - Statement
of Work |
|