Glossary

ABCS

Army Battle Command System

ACCS

Army Command and Control System

adversary

often used in this manual in lieu of enemy; the term enemy is reserved to indicate adversaries engaged in lethal operations against US forces

AEA

army executive agent

AES

Army Enterprise Strategy

ACE

air combat element

AC

active component

ACU

area common user

ACUS

Army common user system

ADP

automatic data processing

ADSO

assistant division signal officer

AFATDS

advanced field artillery tactical data system

AFGWC

Air Force Global Weather Central

AGCCS

Army Global Command and Control System

AHFEWS

Army High Frequency Electronic Warfare System

AID

United States Agency for International Development

AMOPES

Army Mobilization and Operations Planning and Execution System

ANGLICO

air/naval gunfire liaison company

AO

area of operation

AOR

area of responsibility

appliqué

a family of laptop-sized computers connected to navigation devices and radios to provide processing and display capabilities to platforms without an embedded processor

appreciation

personal conclusions, official estimates, and assumptions about another partyís intentions, capabilities, and activities used in planning and decision making

ARAT-TA

Army Reprogramming Analysis Team-Threat Analysis

ARCENT

Army component to Central Command

ARFOR

Army force headquarters

ARSOF

Army special operations forces

ASAS

all-source analysis system

ASCC

Army service component command

assured communications

certain electronic transmission capabilities needed throughout the strategic, operational, and tactical areas of operations

ATACMS

Army Tactical Missile System

ATCCS

Army Tactical Command and Control System

ATSS

Army Target Sensing System

B2C2

Brigade and Below Command and Control System

battle command

the art of battle decision making, leading, and motivating soldiers in their organizations into action to accomplish missions; includes visualizing current state and future state, then formulating concepts of operations to get from one to the other at least cost; also includes assigning missions, prioritizing and allocating resources, selecting the critical time and place to act, and knowing how and when to make adjustments during the fight (FM 100-5)

battle dynamics

five major interrelated dynamics that define significant areas of change from current operations to Force XXI Operations; dynamics are battle command, battlespace, depth and simultaneous attack, early entry, and combat service support

battlefield visualization

the process whereby the commander develops a clear understanding of the current state with relation to the enemy and environment, envisions a desired end state that represents mission accomplishment, and then subsequently visualizes the sequence of activity that moves the commanderís force from its current state to the end state

battlespace

components determined by the maximum capabilities of friendly and enemy forces to acquire and dominate each other by fires and maneuver and in the electromagnetic spectrum

BCE

battlefield coordination element

BCTP

Battle Command Training Program

BDA

battle damage assessment

BOS

battlefield operating system

C2

command and control

C2-attack

command and control-attack

C2-protect

command and control-protect

C2W

command and control warfare

C2W-I

command and control warfare-intelligence

C3I

command, control, communications, and intelligence

C4

command, control, communications, and computers

C4FMO

command, control, communications, and computers for mobile operations

C4I

command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence

CA

civil affairs

CCIR

commander's critical information requirements

CEOI

communications-electronics operation instructions

CERT

computer emergency response team

CI

counterintelligence

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency

CINC

commander-in-chief

CIOS

commanderís information operations staff

CIOSO

commanderís information operations staff officer

CJCS

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

CJCSI

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction

CJCS MOP

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Memorandum of Policy

CMO

civil-military operations

CMOC

civil-military operations center

CNR

combat net radio

COA

course of action

COE

common operating environment

command and control

the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned or attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission; C2 functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, computers, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission (Joint Pub 1-02)

command and control-attack

the synchronized execution of actions taken to accomplish established objectives that prevent effective C2 of adversarial forces by denying information to, by influencing, by degrading, or by destroying the adversary C2 system

command and control-protect

the maintenance of effective C2 of own forces by turning to friendly advantage or negating adversary efforts to deny information to, to influence, to degrade, or to destroy the friendly C2 system; C2-protect can be offensive or defensive in nature; offensive C2-protect uses the five elements of C2W to reduce the adversaryís ability to conduct C2-attack; defensive C2-protect reduces friendly C2 vulnerabilities to adversary C2-attack by employment of adequate physical, electronic, and intelligence protection (adapted from CJCSI 3210.03)

command and control system

the combination of personnel, equipment, communications, computers, facilities, and procedures employed by the commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission; the basic functions of a command and control system are sensing valid information about events and the environment, reporting information, assessing the situation and associated alternatives for action, deciding on an appropriate course of action, and ordering actions in correspondence with the decision (Joint Pub 1-02)

command and control, warfare

the integrated use of operations security, military deceptionpsychological operations, electronic warfare, and physical destruction, mutually supported by intelligence, to deny information to, influence, degrade, or destroy adversary C2 capabilities, while protecting friendly C2 capabilities against such actions; command and control warfare applies across the operational continuum and all levels of conflict (Joint Pub 1-02)

common operating environment

an environment that provides a familiar look, touch, sound, and feel to the commander, no matter where the commander is deployed; information presentation and command, control, communication, computers, and intelligence system interfaces are maintained consistently from platform to platform, enabling the commander to focus attention on the crisis at hand; also called COE

communications

a method or means of conveying information of any kind from one person or place to another (Joint Pub 1-02)

communications security

the protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value which might be derived from the possession and study of telecommunications or to mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of such possession and study; also called COMSEC; includes cryptosecurity, transmission security, emission security, and physical security of communications security materials and information

computer security

involves the measures and controls that ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information processed and stored by a computer; these include policies, procedures, and the hardware and software tools necessary to protect the computer systems and the information processed, stored, and transmitted by the systems

COMPUSEC

computer security

COMSEC

communications security

CONPLAN

contingency plan

CONUS

continental United States

counterintelligence

those activities which are concerned with identifying and counteracting the threat to security posed by hostile services, organizations, or by individuals engaged in espionage, sabotage, subversion, or terrorism (Joint Pub 1-02)

COUNTERRECON

counterreconnaissance

CP

command post

critical information

specific facts about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities vitally needed by adversaries for them to plan and act effectively so as to guarantee failure or unacceptable consequences for friendly mission accomplishment (Joint Pub 1-02)

CSS

combat service support

CTC

combat training center

DALIS

Disaster Assistance Logistics Information System

DAMMS-R

Department of the Army Movements Management System- Redesign

DDN

Defense Data Network

DDS

data distribution system

DEA

Drug Enforcement Agency

defense information infrastructure

the shared or interconnected system of computers, communications, data, applications, security, people, training, and other support structures serving DODís location and worldwide information needs; the DII connects DOD mission support, command and control, and intelligence computers and users through voice, data, imagery, video, and multimedia services and provides information processing and value-added services to subscribers of the DISN

DEERS

Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System

DEW

directed-energy weapon

DII

defense information infrastructure

DISA

Defense Information Systems Agency

DISE

deployable intelligence support element

DISN

Defense Information Systems Network

DJMS

Defense Joint Military Pay System

DOD

Department of Defense

DOS

Department of State

DSN

Defense Switch Network

DTLOMS

doctrine, training, leader development, organizations, materiel, and soldiers

e-mail

electronic mail

EA

electronic attack

EAC

echelons above corps

ECM

electronic countermeasures

ECCM

electronic counter countermeasures

EEFI

essential elements of friendly Information

electromagnetic spectrum

the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from zero to infinity; it is divided into 26 alphabetically designated bands (Joint Pub 1-02)

electronics security

the protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from their interception and study of noncommunications electromagnetic radiation, e.g., radar (Joint Pub 1-02)

electronic warfare

any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) or to attack the enemy. The three major subdivisions within electronic warfare are electronic attack (EA), electronic protection (EP), and electronic warfare support (ES)

EM

electromagnetic

EMI

electromagnetic interference

EMP

electromagnetic pulse

EMS

electromagnetic spectrum

EOB

electronic order of battle

EOC

emergency operations center

EP

electronic protection

EPLRS

enhanced position location reporting system

ES

electronic warfare support

essential elements of friendly information

key questions likely to be asked by adversary officials and intelligence systems about specific friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities so they can obtain answers critical to their operational effectiveness (Joint Pub 1-02)

EW

electronic warfare

EWIR

electronic warfare integrated reprogramming

FAADC3I

forward air defense command, control, communications, and intelligence

FBCB2

Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below System

FEMA

Federal Emergency Management Agency

FFIR

friendly forces information requirements

FM

frequency modulation; field manual

force protection

any collection or combination of measures to prevent or mitigate damage or disruption to an aggregation of military personnel, weapon systems, vehicles, installations, or support

FORSCOM

United States Forces Command

FST

field support team

full-dimensional operations

the application of all capabilities available to an Army commander to accomplish his mission decisively and at the least cost across the full range of possible operations

G2

division intelligence

G3

division operations

G5

division civil affairs

G6

division communications

GCCS

Global Command and Control System

GIE

global information environment

GII

global information infrastructure

global information environment

all Individuals, organizations, or systems, most of which are outside the control of the military or National Command Authorities, that collect, process, and disseminate information to national and international audiences

GPS

global positioning system

GR/CS

Guardrail/Common Sensor

HCA

host civil affairs

HF

high frequency

HN

host nation

HNS

host nation support

HQDA

Headquarters, Department of Army

HUMINT

human intelligence

HVT

high-value target

I&W

indications and warnings

IADS

Integrated Air Defense System

IBDA

information battlefield damage assessment

ICP

intertheater communications security package

IEW

intelligence and electronic warfare

IMETS

Integrated Meteorological System

information

data collected from the environment and processed into a usable form

Information Age

the future time period when social, cultural, and economic patterns will reflect the decentralized, nonhierarchical flow of information; contrast this to the more centralized, hierarchical, social, cultural, and economic patterns that reflect the Industrial Ageís mechanization of production systems

information data bases

visualization of a future system where commanders and units can continually access and update a common data base of relevant information (for example, logistics, intelligence, movement)

information dominance

the degree of information superiority that allows the possessor to use information systems and capabilities to achieve an operational advantage in a conflict or to control the situation in operations other than war while denying those capabilities to the adversary

information operations

continuous military operations within the military information environment that enable, enhance, and protect the friendly forceís ability to collect, process, and act on information to achieve an advantage across the full range of military operations; information operations include interacting with the global information environment and exploiting or denying an adversary's information and decision capabilities

information security

the protection of unauthorized access to or modification of information, whether in storage, processing, or transit, and against the denial of service to authorized users or the provision of service to unauthorized users, including those measures necessary to detect, document, and counter such threats

information systems

the entire infrastructure, organization, personnel, and components that collect, process, store, transmit, display, disseminate, and act on information (Joint Pub 6-0)

information systems security

a composite means to protect telecommunications systems and automated information systems and the information they transmit and/or process

information warfare

actions taken to achieve information superiority by affecting adversary information, information-based processes, information systems, and computer-based networks while defending oneís own information, information-based processes, information systems and computer-based networks (CJCSI 3210.01)

INFOSEC

information security

infosphere

the rapidly growing global network of military and commercial command, control, communications, and computer systems and networks linking information data bases and fusion centers that are accessible to the warrior anywhere, anytime, in the performance of any mission; provides the worldwide automated information-of-exchange backbone support to joint forces; and provides seamless operations from anywhere to anywhere that is secure and transparent to the warrior; this emerging capability is highly flexible to support the adaptive command and control infrastructures of the twenty-first century

INFOSYS

information systems

infrastructure

the basic facilities, equipment, and installations needed for the function of a system, network, or integrated network

INMARSAT

international maritime satellite

intelligence

the product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign countries or areas; also, information and knowledge about an adversary obtained through observation, investigation, analysis, or understanding (Joint Pub 1-02)

INTELSAT

intelligence satellite

internet

interoperable network

IO

information operations

IOBS

information operations battle staff

IOC

information operations center

IPB

intelligence-preparation-of-the-battlefield

ISB

installation sustaining bases

ISS

information systems security

ISYSCON

integrated systems control

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

IW

information warfare

J2

joint staff intelligence

J3

joint staff operations

J5

joint staff plans and policy

J6

joint staff communications-electronics

JAARS

Joint After-Action Reporting System

JCS

Joint Chiefs of Staff

JC2WC

Joint Command and Control Warfare Center

JCEWS

joint commanderís electronic warfare staff

JDISS

Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System

JEWC

Joint Electronic Warfare Center

JFC

joint force commander

JOA

joint operational area

JOPES

Joint Operations Planning and Execution System

JRFL

joint restricted frequency list

JSOI

joint signal operating instructions

J-STARS

Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System

JTACS

Joint Theater Air Control System

JTB

joint targeting board

JTF

joint task force

JTTP

joint tactics, techniques, and procedures

JULLS

Joint Universal Lessons Learned System

JWICS

Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communication System

LAM

Louisiana Maneuvers

LAN

local area network

LCC

land component commander

LIWA

Land Information Warfare Activity

LO

liaison officer

MACOM

major Army command

MASINT

measurement signature

MCS

maneuver control system

METL

mission-essential task list

METT-T

mission, enemy, terrain, troops, and time available

MIE

military information environment

MI

military intelligence

MIID/IDB

Military Integrated Intelligence Data Base System/ Integrated Data Base

military deception

actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military decision makers as to friendly military capabilities, intentions, and operations, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission

military information environment

the environment contained within the global information environment, consisting of information systems and organizationsófriendly and adversary, military and nonmilitaryóthat support, enable, or significantly influence a specific military operation

mls

multilevel security

MNS

mission needs statement

MOBLAS

Mobilization-Level Application Software

MP

military police

MOP

memorandum of policy

MSC

major subordinate command

MSE

mobile subscriber equipment

MTP

mission training plan

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NCA

National Command Authorities

NEO

noncombatant evacuation operations

NII

national information infrastructure

NGO

nongovernment organization

NMS

National Military Strategy

NTSDS

National Target/Threat Signature Data System

OA

operational architecture

OB

order of battle

ODCSOPS

Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations

OOTW

operations other than war

OPFOR

opposing force

OPCON

operational control

operations security

a process of identifying critical information and subsequently analyzing friendly actions attendant to military operations and other activities; identifying those actions that can be observed by adversary intelligence systems; determining indicators adversary intelligence systems might obtain that could be interpreted or pieced together to derive critical information in time to be useful to adversaries; and selecting and executing measures that eliminate or reduce to an acceptable level the vulnerabilities of friendly actions to adversary exploitation; also called OPSEC

OPLAN

operations plan

OPORD

operations order

OPSEC

operations security

OPTEMPO

operation tempo

PA

public affairs

PAO

public affairs officer

PC

personal computer

PEO

program executive office

PIR

priority intelligence requirements

physical destruction

the application of combat power to destroy or neutralize enemy forces and installations; includes direct and indirect fires from ground, sea, and air forces; also includes direct actions by special operations forces

physical security

that part of security concerned with physical measures designed to safeguard personnel, to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material and documents, and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft (Joint Pub 1-02)

PM

project manager

POS/NAV

position/navigation

PRC

populace and resource control

priority intelligence requirements

those intelligence requirements for which a commander has an anticipated and stated priority in his task of planning and decision making (Joint Pub 1-02)

PSN

public switch network

psychological operations

operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and, ultimately, the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals; the purpose of PSYOP is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to the originatorís objectives

PSYOP

psychological operations

PVO

private voluntary organization

RAP

remedial action project

RC

reserve components

RCAS

Reserve Component Automation System

RCP

relevant common picture

RDT&E

research, development, test, and evaluation

RECBASS

Reception Battalion Automated Support System

RECON

reconnaissance

relevant common picture of the battlefield

the aggregate of data that is shared among all friendly forces on the disposition of friendly and enemy force; this data is used to build a tailored relevant graphic display for the warfighter that increases in detail shown as the echelon served is closer to the soldier; commonly called situational awareness

relevant information

information drawn from the military information environment that significantly impacts, contributes to, or is related to the execution of the operational mission at hand

RII

relevant information and intelligence

RISC

reduced instruction set computing

RISTA

reconnaissance, intelligence, surveillance, and target acquisition

ROE

rules of engagement

SAMS-I/TDA

Standard Army Maintenance System-Installation/ Table of Distribution and Allowances

SARSS-O

Standard Army Retail Supply System-Objective

SF

Special Forces

SIDPERS

Standard Installation/Division Personnel System

SIGINT

signals intelligence

signal security

a generic term that includes both communications security and electronic security (Joint Pub 1-02)

SIGSEC

signal security

SINCGARS

single-channel ground and airborne radio system

SJA

staff judge advocate

SOF

special operations forces

SOP

standard operating procedure

SPBS-R

Standard Property Book System-Redesign

spectrum management

planning, coordinating, and managing operational, engineering, and administrative procedures, with the objective of enabling electronic systems to perform their functions in the intended environment without causing or suffering unacceptable interference (Joint Pub 1-02)

STAMIS

Standard Army Management Information Systems

STO

special technical operations

STOD

special technical operations division

TAA

total Army analysis

tactical internet

a battlefield communication system networked together using commercially based internet protocols

TAMMIS

The Army Munitions Management Information System

TAFIM

technical architectural framework for information management

TEARS

Telecommunications Equipment Automated Retrieval System

TECHINT

technical intelligence

TF

task force

TPN

tactical packet network

TRADOC

United States Army Training and Doctrine Command

TRANSEC

transmission security

transmission security

see communications security

TRI-TAC

triservice tactical

TROJAN-SPIRIT

TROJAN-special purpose integrated remote intelligence terminal

TSP

training support package

TSS

target-sensing system

TTP

tactics, techniques, and procedures

UAV

unmanned aerial vehicle

UHF

ultrahigh frequency

ULLS

unit-level logistics system

UN

United Nations

US

United States

USAF

United States Air Force

USAID

United States Agency for International Development

USAINSCOM

United States Army Information Systems Command

USIA

United States Information Agency

USN

United States Navy

USSOCOM

United States Special Operations Command

VHF

very high frequency

WAN

wide area network