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Lesson Index: [ Introduction | Lesson Objective | Overview | Joint vs Airman’s View | History—Ancient Era | History—Napoleonic Era | History—19th Century | History—20th Century | History—Current Era | The Principles | Objective | Offensive | Mass | Economy of Force | Maneuver | Unity of Command | Security | Surprise | Simplicity | Historical Applications—Introduction | Combined Bomber Offensive (CBO) | CBO—Fighter Escorts | CBO—Security | Vietnam—Rolling Thunder | Vietnam—Command and Control | Vietnam—Linebacker II | Desert Storm | Stealth and Precision | Space Assets | Summary | Quiz ]

Title: History—19th Century

Action: On the right side of the screen is a picture of a bust of Carl von Clausewitz.

Voice: Carl von Clausewitz has been erroneously credited with the development of an immutable list of principles.

Action: The following header and links to pop-up boxes are shown on the left side of the screen:

Clausewitz’s Tools

Unity of force—concentration

Use the entire force with the utmost energy. Make the greatest effort in order to make the result perfectly certain. Concentrate power as much as possible where the chief blows are to be delivered.

Urgency—surprise

Never waste time. Unless important advantages are to be gained from hesitation, set to work at once.

Firm resolution—energy

Follow up successes with the utmost energy. No military leader has ever become great without audacity.

Voice: In fact, even in his book, The Principles of War, he warned against a reliance on principles, but rather presented them as tools to “stimulate and serve as a guide for reflection.” To view a description of a tool, place your mouse cursor over it.

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